This series has seven easy five minute installments. This first installment: Council of Trent Commences.After the Catholics had lost much of
The Vikings Pillage
The greatest sign of the decline of western civilization was the inability to launch a navy to stop the Vikings.Continuing Empire of the Franks
Formal Division of the Empire
Thus fell through and disappeared, in 843, by virtue of the treaty of Verdun, the second of Charlemagne's grand designs, the resuscitation of the
Charles the Bald Gains Upper Hand
The big speech was recited in several languages, a symptom of an empire breaking apart.Continuing Empire of the Franks Splits and Decays,our
Brothers in Arms — Against Each Other
For years longer the scenes which have just been described kept repeating themselves again and again; rivalries and secret plots . . . .Continuing
Emperor’s Family Troubles
Franks' laws on inheritance led to the division of the empire among his three sons. Then a fourth son was born.Continuing Empire of the Franks
Brittany’s Rebellion
Go back to thy King, and tell him from me that my land was never his, and that I owe him naught of tribute or submission. Let him reign over the
Empire of the Franks Splits and Decays
This series has ten easy 5 minute installments. This first installment: After Charlemagne.IntroductionDuring the Dark Age civilization in Europe
Murder and Flight
Today's installment concludes Pius IX Flees Rome,our selection from Pius the Ninth and the Revolution at Rome (in the North American Review, volume