Thus as briefly as possible have been sketched the conditions, degree of power, and aims which shaped and controlled the policy of the four principal
England’s Position in 1660
The conditions of England, with reference to her fitness to enter upon the impending strife, differed from those of both Holland and
Aftermath of the Dutch-Spanish Conflicts
The United Provinces owed their consideration and power to their wealth and their fleets.Continuing When Fighting Sail Matured,our selection from
Naval Policies of Spain, France, and The Netherlands
An encounter which took place between the Spanish and Dutch fleets in 1639 shows most plainly the state of degradation into which this once proud navy
When Fighting Sail Matured
This series has eighteen easy 5-minute installments. This first installment: The General Situation of the Primary Naval Powers in
French in the Ohio Valley
This series has five easy 5-minute installments. This first installment: Survey of Lands from Florida to New Orleans and North to
France Separates Church and State
This series has eight easy 5-minute installments. This first installment: The Government’s Case.IntroductionFew controversies have been so
The Carolingian Dynasty Began
This series has three easy 5-minute installments. This first installment: Pepin Elevated from Mayor to King.IntroductionThe Empire of the Franks
Joan of Arc at Orleans
This series has six easy 5-minute installments. This first installment: Orleans Seems Doomed.IntroductionIn 1415 the Battle of Agincourt put