On December 25th the Algerian hero embarked with his family and followers in a French frigate for Toulon.Today's installment concludes Abd-el-Kader

Months passed away and the Arab tribes who had submitted began to feel the pressure of French domination and to resent the supercilious conduct of

The real and decisive struggle began early in 1841. The right man was at last found by the French to deal with the hitherto indomitable Sultan of

Hastily drawn treaties are a prolific source of war. The Treaty of the Tafna was a flagrant example of this class of diplomatic documents.Continuing