Pope Pius IX sided with Italians in the war. That made Catholics in Austria and northern countries against him. Military defeat turned Italians
War Against Austria
Pius IX was hardly more fortunate; to him also this fatal war brought dishonor and exile, the loss of the affection of his subjects, and of the
Pope Grants Civil Rights for the Jews
The friends of social progress were highly gratified by the decision of Pius IX to raze in Rome the walls and gates which shut up the Jews in the
Jesuits Expelled From Rome
. . . it was incompatible with propriety or justice to condemn and punish a religious association, as such, in a place where the Pope held both his
Pope Made Constitutional Monarch
Such is a general outline of the Roman Constitution spontaneously granted to his subjects by Pius IX.Continuing Pius IX Flees Rome,our selection
Revolutions Abroad Incites Revolution in Rome
Before the benediction of God descends upon you, on the rest of my people, and, I say it again, on all Italy, I pray you to be of one mind, and to
More Papal Reforms Amid Incipient Revolution
These measures of reform, and the enthusiasm which they created, were not without effect on surrounding nations.Continuing Pius IX Flees Rome,our
Chivalry’s Legacy
Today's installment concludes Chivalry,our selection from La Chevalerie by Léon Gautier published in 1884.If you have journeyed through all of
Subtracting Morality from Knighthood Ended Chivalry
The laxity of luxury had everywhere replaced the rigorous enactments of the old manliness, and even warriors themselves loved their ease too