We begin at the aftermath of the beginning of the First Fitna (Civil War) in the Rashidun Caliphate and the battle of Siffin of 657, which led to the rise of the Umayyad Caliphate, external expansion continued with the siege of Constantinople in 674-678, but this didn’t stop the Second Fitna from happening, leading to the battles of Karbala (680) and Marj Rahit (684). We also previously talked about the conclusion of the Second Fitna and the rise and fall of the Zubayrid Caliphate. In another episode the armies of the Caliphate return to the frontiers, clashing with the crumbling Byzantine Empire in Armenia and North Africa. In the latter, they would not find opposition not just in the Roman remnant, as the rise of a new warrior queen among the Berbers posed a serious challenge to Hassan ibn al-Nu’man’s conquering army in the Maghreb. And even as the Umayyads won victories on the battlefield and expanded ever further, the cohesion and unity of their empire continued to deteriorate on their Eastern frontiers, planting the seeds of their eventual collapse. And we will also discuss how Carthage was razed once again. Next up we covered the first Muslim incursion into India, as we discussed the Sindh campaign that allowed the Arabs to gain a foothold in the subcontinent. Back west, the armies of the Caliphate were taking over the north Africa and advancing towards Visigothic Spain which led to the battle of Guadelete in 711, as we learn how the Muslims conquered Spain. Events were also transpiring in the east, as the new Caliph Sulayman besieging Constantinople in 717-718. In the west, the Arab movement continued into France where they fought in the battle of Toulouse against the duke of Aquitaine Odo. Their expansion continued in the next years, leading to the famous battle of Tours (Poitiers) in 732 against the Franks.
Continuing Early Muslim Expansion by Kings and Generals. This series is presented in 3 episodes.
Previously in Early Muslim Expansion
Our goal in presenting these videos on this website is to select the best ones and arrange them in an orderly presentation. Here’s more videos on History Moments by Kings and Generals.
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