In January, 1658, Karl Gustav marches his Army, horse, foot, and artillery, to the extent of Twenty thousand, across the Baltic ice, and takes an
Archives for 2013
The Great Elector Grows Prussia
This series has five easy 5 minute installments. This first installment: Weak, Disunited Prussia.IntroductionWhen Frederick William came into
Murder and Flight
Today's installment concludes Pius IX Flees Rome,our selection from Pius the Ninth and the Revolution at Rome (in the North American Review, volume
Assassination Plot
Several of his friends came and remonstrated with him against such an exposure of his life.Continuing Pius IX Flees Rome,our selection from Pius
Turmoil in Rome
In the streets and open places of the city, for two days, the brigands had been slaughtering every man his enemy among the Government officers, some
Austrian Military Victory
Pope Pius IX sided with Italians in the war. That made Catholics in Austria and northern countries against him. Military defeat turned Italians
War Against Austria
Pius IX was hardly more fortunate; to him also this fatal war brought dishonor and exile, the loss of the affection of his subjects, and of the
Pope Grants Civil Rights for the Jews
The friends of social progress were highly gratified by the decision of Pius IX to raze in Rome the walls and gates which shut up the Jews in the
Jesuits Expelled From Rome
. . . it was incompatible with propriety or justice to condemn and punish a religious association, as such, in a place where the Pope held both his