When the Blessed One Died

“When the Blessed One died, Sakka, the king of the gods, at the moment of his passing away from existence, uttered this stanza.”

Continuing The Foundation of Buddhism,
our selection from Buddahism: Its History and Literature by Thomas W. Rhys-Davids published in 1907. For works benefiting from the latest research see the “More information” section at the bottom of these pages. The selection is presented in seven easy 5 minute installments.

Previously in The Foundation of Buddhism.

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Time: c 500 BC
Place: East India

[The Book of the Great Decease continues.]

When the Blessed One died there arose, at the moment of his passing out of existence, a mighty earthquake, terrible and awe-inspiring: and the thunders of heaven burst forth.

When the Blessed One died, Brahma Sahampati, at the moment of his passing away from existence, uttered this stanza:

“They all, all beings that have life, shall lay Aside their complex form — that aggregation Of mental and material qualities, That gives them, or in heaven or on earth,

Their fleeting individuality! E’en as the teacher — being such a one, Unequalled among all the men that are, Successor of the prophets of old time, Mighty by wisdom, and in insight clear — Hath died!”

When the Blessed One died, Sakka, the king of the gods, at the moment of his passing away from existence, uttered this stanza:

“They’re transient all, each being’s parts and powers, Growth is their nature, and decay. They are produced, they are dissolved again, And then is best, when they have sunk to rest!”

When the Blessed One died, the venerable Anuruddha, at the moment of his passing away from existence, uttered these stanzas:

“When he who from all craving want was free, Who to Nirvana’s tranquil state had reached, When the great sage finished his span of life, No gasping struggle vexed that steadfast heart! All resolute, and with unshaken mind. He calmly triumphed o’er the pain of death. E’en as a bright flame dies away, so was His last deliverance from the bonds of life!”

When the Blessed One died, the venerable Ananda, at the moment of his passing away from existence, uttered this stanza:

“Then was there terror! Then stood the hair on end! When he endowed with every grace — The supreme Buddha — died!”

When the Blessed One died, of those of the brethren who were not free from the passions, some stretched out their arms and wept, and some fell headlong to the ground, rolling to and fro in anguish at the thought: “Too soon has the Blessed One died! Too soon has the Happy One passed away from existence! Too soon has the Light gone out in the world!” But those of the brethren who were free from the passions (the Arahats) bore their grief collected and composed at the thought: “Impermanent are all component things! How is it possible that [they should not be dissolved]?”

Then the venerable Anuruddha exhorted the brethren, and said: “Enough, my brethren! Weep not, neither lament! Has not the Blessed One formerly declared this to us, that it is in the very nature of all things near and dear unto us, that we must divide ourselves from them, leave them, sever ourselves from them? How, then, brethren, can this be possible — that whereas anything whatever born, brought into being, and organized, contains within itself the inherent necessity of dissolution — how then can this be possible that such a being should not be dissolved? No such condition can exist! Even the spirits, brethren, will reproach us.”

“But of what kind of spirits is the Lord, the venerable Anuruddha, thinking?”

“There are spirits, brother Ananda, in the sky, but of worldly mind, who dishevel their hair and weep, and stretch forth their arms and weep, fall prostrate on the ground, and roll to and fro in anguish at the thought: ‘Too soon has the Blessed One died! Too soon has the Happy One passed away! Too soon has the Light gone out in the world!’

“There are spirits, too, Ananda, on the earth, and of worldly mind, who tear their hair and weep, and stretch forth their arms and weep, fall prostrate on the ground, and roll to and fro in anguish at the thought: ‘Too soon has the Blessed One died! Too soon has the Happy One passed away! Too soon has the Light gone out in the world!’

“But the spirits who are free from passion hear it, calm and self-possessed, mindful of the saying which begins, ‘Impermanent indeed are all component things. How then is it possible [that such a being should not be dissolved]?'”

Now the venerable Anuruddha and the venerable Ananda spent the rest of that night in religious discourse. Then the venerable Anuruddha said to the venerable Ananda: “Go now, brother Ananda, into Kusinara and inform the Mallas of Kusinara, saying, ‘The Blessed One, O Vasetthas, is dead: do, then, whatever seemeth to you fit!'”

“Even so, Lord!” said the venerable Ananda, in assent to the venerable Anuruddha. And having robed himself early in the morning, he took his bowl, and went into Kusinara with one of the brethren as an attendant.

Now at that time the Mallas of Kusinara were assembled in the council hall concerning that very matter.

And the venerable Ananda went to the council hall of the Mallas of Kusinara; and when he had arrived there, he informed them, saying, “The Blessed One, O Vasetthas, is dead; do, then, whatever seemeth to you fit!”

And when they had heard this saying of the venerable Ananda, the Mallas, with their young men and their maidens and their wives, were grieved, and sad, and afflicted at heart. And some of them wept, dishevelling their hair, and some stretched forth their arms and wept, and some fell prostrate on the ground, and some reeled to and fro in anguish at the thought: “Too soon has the Blessed One died! Too soon has the Happy One passed away! Too soon has the Light gone out in the world!”

Then the Mallas of Kusinara gave orders to their attendants, saying, “Gather together perfumes and garlands, and all the music in Kusinara!”

And the Mallas of Kusinara took the perfumes and garlands, and all the musical instruments, and five hundred suits of apparel, and went to the Upavattana, to the Sala Grove of the Mallas, where the body of the Blessed One lay. There they passed the day in paying honor, reverence, respect, and homage to the remains of the Blessed One with dancing, and hymns, and music, and with garlands and perfumes; and in making canopies of their garments, and preparing decoration wreaths to hang thereon.

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