Alfred the Great – 6

in those miserable days the commonest necessaries of life were hard enough to come by for the King and his few companions.

Continuing Alfred the Great’s Reign,
with a selection from Life of Alfred the Great by Thomas Hughes published in 1869. This selection is presented in 10.5 easy 5 minute installments. For works benefiting from the latest research see the “More information” section at the bottom of these pages.

Previously in Alfred the Great’s Reign.

Time: 871-901
Place: Wessex

It is at this point, as is natural enough, that romance has been most busy and it has become impossible to disentangle the actual facts from monkish legend and Saxon ballad. In happier times Alfred was in the habit himself of talking over the events of his wandering life pleasantly with his courtiers and there is no reason to doubt that the foundation of most of the stories still current rests on those conversations of the truth-loving King, noted down by Bishop Asser and others.

The best known of these is, of course, the story of the cakes. In the depths of the Saxon forests there were always a few neatherds and swineherds, scattered up and down, living in rough huts enough, we may be sure and occupied with the care of the cattle and herds of their masters. Among these in Selwood was a neatherd of the King, a faithful man, to whom the secret of Alfred’s disguise was entrusted and who kept it even from his wife. To this man’s hut the King came one day alone, and, sitting himself down by the burning logs on the hearth, began mending his bow and arrows. The neatherd’s wife had just finished her baking and having other household matters to attend to, confided her loaves to the King, a poor tired-looking body, who might be glad of the warmth and could make himself useful by turning the batch and so earn his share while she got on with other business. But Alfred worked away at his weapons, thinking of anything but the good housewife’s batch of loaves, which in due course were not only done but rapidly burning to a cinder. At this moment the neatherd’s wife comes back and flying to the hearth to rescue the bread, cries out: “Drat the man! never to turn the loaves when you see them burning. I’ze warrant you ready enough to eat them when they are done.” But besides the King’s faithful neatherd, whose name is not preserved, there are other churls in the forest, who must be Alfred’s comrades just now if he will have any. And even here he has an eye for a good man and will lose no opportunity to help one to the best of his power. Such a one he finds in a certain swineherd called Denewulf, whom he gets to know, a thoughtful Saxon man, minding his charge there in the oak woods. The rough churl or thrall, we know not which, has great capacity, as Alfred soon finds out and desire to learn. So the King goes to work upon Denewulf under the oak trees, when the swine will let him and is well satisfied with the results of his teaching and the progress of his pupil.

But in those miserable days the commonest necessaries of life were hard enough to come by for the King and his few companions and for his wife and family, who soon joined him in the forest, even if they were not with him from the first. The poor foresters cannot maintain them, nor are this band of exiles the men to live on the poor. So Alfred and his comrades are soon out foraging on the borders of the forest and getting what subsistence they can from the pagans or from the Christians who had submitted to their yoke. So we may imagine them dragging on life till near Easter, when a gleam of good news comes tip from the west, to gladden the hearts and strengthen the arms of these poor men in the depths of Selwood.

Soon after Guthrum and the main body of the pagans moved from Gloster, southward, the viking Hubba, as had been agreed, sailed with thirty ships-of-war from his winter quarters on the South Welsh coast and landed in Devon. The news of the catastrophe at Chippenham and of the disappearance of the King, was no doubt already known in the West; and in the face of it Odda the alderman cannot gather strength to meet the pagan in the open field. But he is a brave and true man and will make no terms with the spoilers; so, with other faithful thanes of King Alfred and their followers, he throws himself into a castle or fort called Cynwith or Cynuit, there to abide whatever issue of this business God shall send them. Hubba, with the war-flag Raven and a host laden with the spoil of rich Devon vales, appear in due course before the place. It is not strong naturally and has only “walls in our own fashion,” meaning probably rough earthworks. But there are resolute men behind them and on the whole Hubba declines the assault and sits down before the place. There is no spring of water, he hears, within the Saxon lines and they are otherwise wholly unprepared for a siege. A few days will no doubt settle the matter and the sword or slavery will be the portion of Odda and the rest of Alfred’s men; meantime there is spoil enough in the camp from Devonshire homesteads, which brave men can revel in round the war-flag Raven, while they watch the Saxon ramparts. Odda, however, has quite other views than death from thirst or surrender. Before any stress comes, early one morning he and his whole force sally out over their earthworks and from the first “cut down the pagans in great numbers”: eight hundred and forty warriors — some say twelve hundred — with Hubba himself are slain before Cynuit fort; the rest, few in number, escape to their ships. The war-flag Raven is left in the hands of Odda and the men of Devon.

Thomas Hughes begins here. John R. Green begins here.

More information here and here, and below.

We want to take this site to the next level but we need money to do that. Please contribute directly by signing up at https://www.patreon.com/history